Due to the large number of motor vehicles in urban road networks, serious traffic congestion and high proportion of road carbon emissions, failure to take effective measures to manage travel demand will result in waste of road resources and environmental pollution. Considering the complex variability of the actual road network and the heterogeneous characteristics of road travelers, this paper proposes a dynamic traffic network allocation model in the context of carbon trading. The model is a dual dynamic day-by-day model, which considers both the dynamic changes of road network traffic and the dynamic adjustment and changes of carbon quota consumption rate. After 600 days of dynamic evolution, the road network reaches the system optimal state while achieving user equilibrium. Meanwhile, the carbon emission reduction on the road transport network before and after the implementation of carbon trading scheme is compared and analyzed, and the overall carbon emission is reduced by 9.23%. This provides a scientific theoretical basis and a feasible solution for the carbon trading scheme in urban transportation demand management and guiding low-carbon travel.
Unlike traditional railway vehicles, the particularity of tram right of way determines the multiple and diversity of its accident forms. Based on the analysis of accident data at home and abroad, this paper determines the three road right management modes with the highest accident rate. On this basis, three collision scenarios are designed between a three-module 100% low-floor tram and various types of passenger vehicles. In this paper, we innovatively use PC-Crash crash simulation combined with SPSS quantitative analysis to study the accident characteristics of tram and passenger vehicle collisions under disparate right of way. The results show that the occupant's living space is smaller in 45° side impact under the semi-independent right of way. Under the mixed right of way, when the tram is used as a rear-end vehicle, the collision interface force is more intense. At the same collision speed, the displacement of the vehicle body and the invasion of the living space will be larger under the mixed right of way. Finally, based on the simulation results and causal analysis method, an accurate and highly flexible accident cause analysis framework is formed. From the aspects of single influence and comprehensive influence, the factors affecting the safety of tram operation under diverse road right management modes are analyzed, and tailored suggestions are given to improve the safety of the track system.
For a long time, the operation efficiency of highways in Sichuan plateau mountainous areas has been low, and overtaking accidents occur frequently. In addition, many places are limited by natural conditions and unable to build the two-way four-lane highway. Hence, this paper proposes a new scheme to transform and expand the two-lane road into a 2+1 alternate lane. We used VISSIM software, combined with the actual traffic characteristics of the Sichuan mountainous area, and integrated with the driving behavior features to conduct a simulation analysis on the geometric parameter design, setting influencing factors and applicability of 2+1 alternate highway. It not only fills the domestic research gap but also provides theoretical support for building a safe and efficient mountain traffic system. The study found: This scheme optimizes the service level while improving the operation efficiency. When the proportion of trucks exceeds 20%, prohibiting trucks from passing through overtaking lanes shows relatively higher service levels. 2+1 alternate highways in mountainous areas have significantly better service levels than other options when the overtaking lane length is set to 550-900m, and the speed limit in the single lane is 50-100km/h.
In order to grasp the pattern of passenger flow changes at the initial opening of new urban rail transit TOD stations and to address the problem of irregular fluctuations in passenger flow at new stations and the absence of historical data, this paper proposes a method for predicting passenger flow in and out of new urban rail transit stations based on the TOD mode division. Firstly, through the analysis of the classification method of traditional TOD stations and the classification index of TOD stations, the TOD characteristic similarity urban rail stations are classified based on the hierarchical clustering algorithm. Secondly, according to the station classification results, a method is proposed to construct a historical database of passenger flow in and out of new stations. Then, by optimizing the parameters of the differential integrated moving average autoregressive model, a short-time prediction method for passenger flow in and out of new stations of urban rail TOD is proposed. Finally, the model is tested with the actual passenger flow data of the urban rail line network. The results show that the prediction errors of incoming and outgoing passenger flows are 2.59% and 7.67%, respectively, indicating that the prediction method is effective and can be applied to the pre-construction planning of new TOD stations. The prediction results can provide a reference for the urban rail traffic organization.
Due to the large number of passengers served by the metro, with its extensive served area, as well as the interconnection of different stations within the metro system, there is a high possibility that a large number of city residents' trips will be delayed or forced to be canceled and cause economic losses, once a safety accident occurs in the subway system. An easy-to-practice and highly flexible evaluation framework are proposed to explore the identification of vulnerable nodes in a weighted metro network, considering network connectivity and node traffic. The degree distribution of the passenger flow weighted network obeys the power law distribution. The relationship between node connectivity, node passenger flow, and key players in the network are also discussed. We simulated network node failures under four scenarios to assess the impact of node failures on network accessibility and the number of passengers served. The network is robust when the nodes fail randomly; the network is vulnerable to deliberate attacks based on topological node characteristics. The strategies that have the most significant impact on site traffic are node weight-based attack and node weighted-degree-based attack, with the weighted-degree-based attack being more disruptive to network connectivity and the best performing strategy in aggregate. Furthermore, we have identified the top 10 nodes in the Shenzhen Metro network that are more influential to passengers and disruptive to the network structure, which could provide a reference for metro emergency management.
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