For problems that are difficult to extract characteristics of misalignment fault signal of harmonic reducer of rotating unit of satellite antenna operating in space environment, a fault diagnosis method of optimized whale optimization algorithm based on whale optimization algorithm and Teager energy operator envelope demodulation was proposed. Firstly, the envelope entropy which is easy to the characteristics of fault signal, it is often used as fitness function and objective function of whale optimization algorithm (WOA). Secondly, whale optimization algorithm has the advantages of simple operation, less adjustment parameters, and strong ability to jump out of local optimization. It is suitable for whale optimization algorithm optimization. Finally, the characteristic modal component (IMFC) is processed by Teager energy operator (Teo). This is used to analyze the signals collected from both ends of the input and output shaft of the harmonic reducer. We could find in results that Fourier transform method, this method improves the decomposition efficiency, and has good performance in the decomposition principle and accuracy of fault signal extraction parameters fast compared with the traditional. It could realized the accurate diagnosis of the misalignment fault signal of the harmonic reducer, and had certain research significance and engineering practical value.
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