According to the difficulty of cutting the ZTC4 material, slot cutting experiments were designed and three directional dynamic milling force were obtained. Instantaneous milling force model and multiple linear regression was used to analyze three directional milling force coefficients and edge milling force coefficients. To evaluate the performance of the dynamic milling force model, a new slot cutting experiment was designed. The comparison of simulations and experiments indicates the average milling force error are 5.74%, 3.93%, 7.98%, the dynamic milling force prediction model fits well in cycle, trend and amplitude. The feasibility and accuracy of the model for predicting the instantaneous milling force is verified.
Diffractive optical elements are widely used in optical systems due to their excellent dispersion characteristics. Precision molding technology is an effective way to solve mass optical processing. Based on the precise molding of the chalcogenide glass diffractive optics, in this paper microstructure filling and process parameter sensitivity of diffractive optical elements are analyzed. The research results show that the use of appropriate process parameters can ensure the filling of diffractive microstructures. The cooling rate in the slow cooling stage is the most important factor affecting the surface shape.
In modern street battle, counter-sniper operations have become the main issue. However, due to the strong unidirectionality of laser beam, it is necessary to shape the laser beam to became useful. At the same time, in order to improve the detection efficiency, the energy of the laser beam is required to be as concentrated as possible, and the detection range is as wide as possible. Therefore, for meeting the requirements, comparing cylindrical with free-form surface prism on the shaping affection The result shows best shaping effect is achieved by using the free-form surface prism. In order to ensure that the laser energy loss is small, the manufracturing processing of freeform prism is analyzed. PSD(power spectral density) characteristics of the optical element surface and its influencing factors are discussed. So as to achieve the laser detection efficiency and detection distance requirements.
With the development of optical components towards low surface damage and low scattering characteristics, more and more attention has been paid to the surface integrity of optical components. Grinding is a common rough machining process for precision optical components, and its surface quality affects the subsequent polishing efficiency and the surface integrity of optical components directly. Therefore, in this paper, studies the grinding surface morphology of ZF62 optical glass material from many aspects such as grinding wheel modeling, surface formation mechanism, and abrasive movement analysis. The paper models the grinding wheel based on the power spectral density (PSD) of the grinding wheel surface, and verifies the effectiveness of the modeling method through experiments. Basing on analyzing the surface roughness with different grinding parameters, there are conclusions as follow: The modeling of the grinding wheel surface based on PSD could effectively simulate and analyze the grinding surface of the grinding wheel. Both the simulation experiment and the actual experiment show that the consistency of the trend. The surface roughness decrease with the increasing of the grinding speed and increase with the increasing of feed rate and the grinding depth.
With the development of precision glass molding (PGM), low Tg glass molded lens are more and more used in optical system, recently, especially in the fields of safe security and car assist system, which have large market demand. Coating technology for mold is one key of support technology for precision glass molding, and the researches on the coating for precision low Tg glass molding is urgently needed. In this paper, aiming at the coating technical demand of low Tg glass molding, the coating duration and damage principal are discussed after fast coating facility testing. Three kinds of coating system (WxCy-PtIr-D_ZK3,WxCy-CrAlN-D_ZK3, WxCy-TiAlN-D_ZK3)for molding are analyzed with SEM. The results show the PtIr alloy coating is suit for low Tg glass precision molding.
Precision glass molding (PGM) technology is a cost-effective manufacturing process for high precision optical elements with complex surfaces. With this processing technology, one or more pieces of lenses may be produced through one-step molding. Due to the high efficiency of the replicative process, PGM has found wide applications in high volume production of optical elements. At present, it has been well developed and widely used in mass industry production in Japan and South Korea, but in China PGM technology research is still in the elementary stage. To develop the PGM technology, we need to conquer several technical difficulties, such as the melting technology of low Tg glasses, highprecision mold design and the corresponding machining technology and the coating technology for the molds. In this paper, we discussed the PGM technology as a complete manufacturing process, focused on the technical difficulties mentioned above, and introduced the development directions for this technology in China.
Chalcogenide glass is widely used in infrared area for its cheap and good performance of infrared transmittance. Compare with the traditional material signal crystal germanium, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide etc. Chalcogenide glass is suit for precision molding for the low soften temperature which is suit for large mass industry production. And precision glass molding(PGM) is a kind of technology involving the molding machine, mold material, the glass, molding parameters etc. So the researches on the forming characteristic of precision glass molding are necessary. In this paper, the FEM simulation is used to assist research of the forming characteristic, especially the friction coefficient effect on the forming. At the last the surface profile compensation and micro-replication of molding is discussed.
Compare with the manufacturing of the traditional infrared material, such as signal crystal germanium, zinc sulfide, zinc selenide etc, chalcogenide infrared glass is suitable for precision molding for the low soften temperature to have large mass industry production. So the researches of precision glass molding are necessary, especially for the fast development of infrared product. The mold design is one of the key technologies of precision glass molding. In this paper, the mold processing of a sample chalcogenide glass from the technical drawing, mold design, molding to the lens are introduced. From the result of the precision molding, the technology of finite element simulation is a useful way to guiding the mold design. The molded lens by using mold process fit the design requirement.
Diffractive optical element (DOE) shows high diffraction efficiency and good dispersion performance, which makes the optical system becoming light-weight and more miniature. In this paper, the design, processing, testing, compensation of DOE are discussed, especially the analyzing of compensation technology which based on the analyzing the DOE measurement date from Taylor Hobson PGI 1250. In this method, the relationship between shadowing effect with diamond tool and processing accuracy are analyzed. According to verification processing on the Taylor Hobson NANOFORM 250 lathe, the results indicate that the PV reaches 0.539 micron, the surface roughness reaches 4nm, the step position error is smaller than λ /10 and the step height error is less than 0.23 micron after compensation processing one time.
Due to the glass is a type of brittle material, so the high-precision free-form optics of glass material is usually machined
by the technical of grinding. In this paper, for the characteristics of the diamond grinding wheel, analyzing the grinding
path of free-form optics and mathematical model of the path is established based on the three-axis CNC grinding device.
Moreover, the cause of the interference in the process of grinding is analyzed and the methods of avoiding. Finally, based
on the above analysis results, through the experiment, the free-form optics surface accuracy was reached to 3.6um,
realize the machining of the free-form optics.
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