A method is presented in order to realize the measurement of angular position and angular speed simultaneously based on the theory of time grating. A model of angular speed measurement is built by using the Doppler Effect which is produced by relative uniform motion of bi-coordinate system inside the time grating. Measure benchmarks of angular position and angular speed are unified to the time quantum by a space-equivalent V as an interim parameter between angular position and angular speed. Therefore, A uniform mathematical model is built for simultaneous measurement of angular position and angular speed. The experimental prototype of time grating is developed, and the angular position and angular speed are calculated by using FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). The results show that the method can effectively realize the simultaneous measurement of time grating angular position and angular speed. The experimental results show that the accuracy of angular position of time grating has reached ±4″and the angular speed stability has reached 5‰.
A method of error separation on the principle of multiple signal superposition is introduced for time grating angular displacement sensors. According to the theory of error compensation, the accuracy of time grating sensors can be improved by compensating the separated errors. Errors of time grating angular displacement sensors caused by stators and rotors during manufacturing are separated and majority long-periodic and short-periodic errors are removed using this method. Thus, error compensation model can be established for these separated errors using the method of harmonic analysis. Circular indexing errors caused by slots of stators and rotors of time grating sensors can be compensated using this model. The accuracy is improved significantly to a field-type time grating by the error compensation model. The precise is 2.8″ after calibrating. Experiments prove that the method of error separation is very effective for removing indexing errors and the established error compensation model shows obvious effect in calibrating errors of time grating angular displacement sensors.
Through analyzing errors of the length measurement system in which a linear time grating was the principal measuring component, we found that the study on the error law was very important to reduce system errors and optimize the system structure. Mainly error sources in the length measuring system, including the time grating sensor, slide way, and cantilever, were studied; and therefore total errors were obtained. Meanwhile we erected the mathematic model of errors of the length measurement system. Using the error model, we calibrated system errors being in the length measurement system. Also, we developed a set of experimental devices in which a laser interferometer was used to calibrate the length measurement system errors. After error calibrating, the accuracy of the measurement system was improved from original 36um/m to 14um/m. The fact that experiment results are consistent with the simulation results shows that the error mathematic model is suitable for the length measuring system.
A combination method for calibrating the errors of linear time grating displacement sensor is presented. Based on further analysis of time grating, periodic errors, Abbe errors and thermal expansion errors are integrated to obtain error curve for setting up error model, which is adopted to compensate errors using Fourier harmonic analysis and the principle of liner expansion, respectively. Results prove that this method solves the difficult issues about error separation in the linear measurement, and significantly improves the accuracy of linear time grating. Furthermore, this method also solves the issues about continuous automatic sampling with computer, so that the calibration efficiency has been greatly enhanced.
In order to apply original absolute time grating sensor to closed loop numerical control system, a forecasting angle
displacement method with time series analysis theory is proposed. In this way, an absolute time grating sensor can be
transformed to an incremental time grating. In addition, a discrete standard quantity interpolation method is present to
reduce dynamic forecast error. In this way, forecast error of the last measurement period will be corrected in the next
measurement period. Therefore, cumulative errors can be eliminated. The experiment results prove that dynamic errors
can be controlled within ±3″ with error correction method.
Aiming to improve the measurement accuracy of angular displacement sensor effectively and greatly reduce the
production costs under an ordinary machining accuracy. A new method of error correction called harmonic calibration
based on the closure property of circle was presented. Using this method, real-time and dynamic error separation and
correction can be realized when error curve of angular displacement sensor is uncertain. In addition, a method of
“spatial sampling” is presented to solve the problem of asynchrony for dynamic sampling. Furthermore, another method
which adopts software assist to accomplish adaptive filter is presented to eliminate the influence of random error in the
dynamic measurement. As a result a system of full-automatic real-time detection and dynamic calibration for angular
displacement sensor with intelligent functions was developed. Experiment results prove that the accuracy of time grating
can reach up to ±1” in this way. This effective dynamic method can provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis for
calibration of angular displacement sensor.
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