Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite films possess superior optoelectronic properties, including bandgap tunability, high absorption coefficient, well-balanced charge carrier mobility and long electron-hole diffusion length. Hence it can serve as sensitizers in solar cells, photodetectors, pumped lasers and light-emitting diodes. However, the crystallographic defect passivation and suppression of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite at the grain boundaries are crucial for efficient and stable perovskite photodetectors (PPDs). Herein, a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) fabricated by the two-step spin-coating method facilitates high-quality perovskite film formation while reducing the non-radiative recombination within the photoactive layer, enhancing the photosensitivity performance of PPDs based on BHJ configuration. Specifically, sulfonated graphene (SGA) was used as a functional passivator to interact with Pb2+ at the surface and grain boundaries due to its large specific surface area and high binding energy with lead ion, thereby ameliorating the device stability and carrier transport capacity within perovskite films, resulting in a lower dark current density and a higher photocurrent density. Consequently, the PPD based on the BHJ configuration achieves a responsivity of 570 mA/W and the specific detectability of 6.3×1011 Jones under the bias voltage of −1 V with the 532 nm laser illumination intensity of 0.5 μW/cm2 and a linear dynamic range of 126 dB. The PPD based on BHJ configuration shows ultrahigh response rates of 0.3 μs and 52.7 μs for the rise and fall times at zero bias, respectively, which is attributed to efficient carrier extraction and the lower defect density. The grain boundary passivation strategy of SGA modification develops a practical approach to ameliorate PPD performance and stability.
Realizing polarization manipulation of light at subwavelength scale has developed into an emerging field involving optical communication and quantum information processing. Metasurfaces, due to their extremely strong capabilities in polarization and wavefront manipulation, have been demonstrated to be useful for designing multifunctional and integrated polarization optics. In this work, a versatile terahertz metasurface platform relying on spatially interleaved nanoscale quarter-wave plate is established, to implement wavefront steering while realizing polarization conversion between linear polarization and circular polarization. It is verified by simulation that the constructed metasurface possesses the function of dual-channel polarization conversion, and the output waves generated under the incidence of linearly polarized or circularly polarized waves are focused vortex waves with different topological charges. The terahertz metasurface platform established in this study opens up new avenues for advanced research and application fields facilitating the development of miniaturized, integrated, and versatile optical devices.
Chiral metasurfaces can realize strong chiral optical responses and various spin-dependent electromagnetic manipulations. In this paper, we propose a metal-graphene hybrid metasurface that achieves active control of the amplitude and wavefront of reflected circularly polarized terahertz wave. By introducing a single layer graphene at the bottom of the patterned metasurface, combined with the silicon layer for voltage control, continuous change of the circular dichroism (CD) from 0 to 0.6 is obtained. Then we realized dynamic switching of the terahertz beam from anomalous reflection to vertical reflection using Pancharatnam-Berry (P-B) phase. This tunable chiral metasurface provides new ideas for the design of terahertz devices.
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