Increasing awareness of roadside hazards, primarily in the form of rigid fixed objects, has given rise to the development of sophisticated devices designed either to replace unsafe, outmoded, but essential roadway items, or to enhance the safety of existing difficult-to-replace items. Classed with the former group are such devices as breakaway light poles, weak-post guide railing and the New Jersey concrete median barrier, while various types of crash cushions, otherwise known as impact-attenuation devices, are referred to the latter group. Most promising among the crash cushions are the Rich system, consisting of a network of water filled rubber cells, and the Fitch system, which is made up of a number of sand-filled plastic barrels.
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