3D printed phantoms of retinal photoreceptor cells for evaluating adaptive optics imaging modalities

Nikita Kedia; Zhuolin Liu; Ryan Sochol; Daniel X. Hammer; Anant Agrawal

doi:10.1117/12.2291759

8 March 2018 3D printed phantoms of retinal photoreceptor cells for evaluating adaptive optics imaging modalities

Nikita Kedia, Zhuolin Liu, Ryan Sochol, Daniel X. Hammer, Anant Agrawal

Proceedings Volume 10474, Ophthalmic Technologies XXVIII; 104740D (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2291759
Event: SPIE BiOS, 2018, San Francisco, California, United States

Abstract

Adaptive optics-enabled optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT) and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AO-SLO) devices can resolve retinal cones and rods in three dimensions. To evaluate the improved resolution of AO-OCT and AO-SLO, a phantom that mimics retinal anatomy at the cellular level is required. We used a two-photon polymerization approach to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) photoreceptor phantoms modeled on the central foveal cones. By using a femtosecond laser to selectively photocure precise locations within a liquid-based photoresist via two-photon absorption, we produced high-resolution phantoms with μm-level dimensions similar to true anatomy. In this work, we present two phantoms to evaluate the resolution limits of an AO imaging system: one that models only the outer segments of the photoreceptor cells at varying retinal eccentricities and another that contains anatomically relevant features of the full-length photoreceptor. With these phantoms we are able to quantitatively estimate transverse resolution of an AO system and produce images that are comparable to those found in the human retina.

Citation Download Citation

Nikita Kedia, Zhuolin Liu, Ryan Sochol, Daniel X. Hammer, and Anant Agrawal "3D printed phantoms of retinal photoreceptor cells for evaluating adaptive optics imaging modalities", Proc. SPIE 10474, Ophthalmic Technologies XXVIII, 104740D (8 March 2018); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2291759

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