Deep learning-based image enhancement is challenging in underwater and medical imaging domains, where high-quality training data is often limited. Due to water distortion, loss of color, and contrast, images captured in these settings could be of better quality, making it easier to train deep learning models effectively on large and diverse datasets. This limitation can negatively impact the performance of these models. This paper proposes an alternative approach to supervised color image enhancement to address this challenge. Specifically, the authors propose to enhance images in both the spatial and frequency domains using their two × two model quaternion image structure, which was previously proposed. The color image components plus gray or brightness are map into the grayscale image of twice size and then HE of new grays is calculated. The new colors and gray of the image are reconstructed from the new image in two × two model. The approach is tested extensively through computer simulations, demonstrating that the proposed framework achieves competitive performance in quantitative and qualitative metrics compared to state-of-the-art approaches.
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