A novel, quantum mechanism, the in-plane photoelectric effect, which enables a large terahertz (THz) photoresponse in gated two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs), was recently discovered. To develop the mechanism further, a systematic study is carried out in this work using a dual-gated photoelectric tunable-step (PETS) terahertz detector based on a GaAs-AlGaAs heterojunction. The electric field distribution within the 2DEG channel is simulated and integrated to obtain the radiation-induced ac potential difference as a function of the 2DEG depth and the gap size to investigate the parameter dependence of the THz photoresponse. Based on the simulation results, we design, optimize, and fabricate a dipole-antenna PETS THz detector with 2DEG depth d = 90 nm and gap size b = 190 nm, which shows a strong photoresponse to 1.9 THz radiation.
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