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To address the problems of inaccurate dose rate and long-period measurement, this paper presents a nuclear radiation detector with the function of directional determination, as well as the corresponding Bayesian-based strength estimation method. Firstly, a vehicle-mounted radiation detector with large measurement range is designed, together with the steering mechanism and size-differentiated shielding shell, completing the ultra-wide measurement range of 0.15μGy/h~500Gy/h and the precise directional aiming functions. Enlightened by the characteristics of conjugated Gamma distribution, the radiation strength estimation method is established in an iterative manner. By comparing and analyzing the convergence properties and prediction efficiency under different shape parameters γ and scale parameters β, the selection criteria for initial model parameters is clarified. Finally, the proposed nuclear detector and estimation method are applied in the actual radiation source searching task, verifying the real-time, effectiveness, and accuracy of the overall radiation source detection system. The experimental results show that, the measurement method based on conjugated distribution theory can significantly reduce the number of estimated iterations to less than 15 steps, and improve the accuracy of the directional aiming function, ensuring the ability of on-line exploitation and exploration for the mobile system.
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