In microwave systems for detecting or imaging buried dielectric anomalies, a common
technique is to search for reflectance variations by mechanically scanning an antenna over
an area. The antenna usually operates in its and the object's nearfields to reduce diffraction
spreading so that the reflectance distribution resembles the object's shape and is thus an
image. Although mechanical scanning is reliable, it is slow because data acquisition is
sequential. Data acquisition can be accelerated by an antenna array. An array provides
spatially parallel data channels. If a single transmitter and receiver unit are used, acquisition
is sequential but very fast with solid state switches. If each antenna has a transmitter and
receiver, acquisition is simultaneous, and costs increase.
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