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The dependence of coupling length and coupling efficiency on waveguide separation of a three waveguide coupler is compared with the results of a conventional directional coupler. In a multimode coupler the coupling length cannot be evaluated directly from the field distributions, a spectral analysis of the fields is necessary. The measurements are made with electromagnetic waves (A = 6mm) in model waveguides and compared with numerical calculations by Beam-Propagation-Method (BPM).
Gert Sinn
"Coupled waveguide-systems microwave measurements and calculations with beam-propagation-method", Proc. SPIE 1983, 16th Congress of the International Commission for Optics: Optics as a Key to High Technology, 19832X (26 July 1993); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2308524
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Gert Sinn, "Coupled waveguide-systems microwave measurements and calculations with beam-propagation-method," Proc. SPIE 1983, 16th Congress of the International Commission for Optics: Optics as a Key to High Technology, 19832X (26 July 1993); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2308524