Third-order nonlinear optical properties of metal dithiolene- and phthalocyanine-doped sol-gel materials

Gavin J. Gall; Terence A. King; Stephen Nigel Oliver; Carol A. Capozzi; Angela B. Seddon; Callum A. S. Hill; Allan E. Underhill

doi:10.1117/12.188972

13 October 1994 Third-order nonlinear optical properties of metal dithiolene- and phthalocyanine-doped sol-gel materials

Gavin J. Gall, Terence A. King, Stephen Nigel Oliver, Carol A. Capozzi, Angela B. Seddon, Callum A. S. Hill, Allan E. Underhill

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 2288, Sol-Gel Optics III; (1994) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.188972
Event: SPIE's 1994 International Symposium on Optics, Imaging, and Instrumentation, 1994, San Diego, CA, United States

Abstract

Recent studies on metal dithiolene complexes in solution and PMMA have shown this range of materials to exhibit high third-order nonlinear optical coefficients, (Chi) ³, and excellent figures of merit. Phthalocyanine dyes have been shown to exhibit optical limiting due to the nonlinear effect of reverse saturable absorption. We report here on the third-order nonlinear optical characterization of several metal dithiolene and phthalocyanine compounds doped in sol-gel derived materials. These hosts provide a physically and chemically stable environment for the nonlinear compounds, and offer the potential of high levels of doping. The dithiolene and phthalocyanine compounds were incorporated into partially densified sol-gel silica glass (xerogels) by the post-doping technique, and into the hybrid organic-inorganic materials at the sol-stage. To obtain optical quality surfaces on the porous xerogel, a unique polishing technique has been developed. Picosecond and nanosecond pulsed laser studies of nonlinear refraction and absorption are presented, together with laser damage and micro-hardness measurements. For the dithiolenes, concentrations of the order of 10¹⁸ molecules/cm³ for both the hybrid material and the xerogel were studied using the degenerate four wave mixing (DFWM) technique. (Chi) ³ values up to 1.4 X 10^-19 m²/V² (equivalent to 1.0 X 10^-11 esu) were observed in the sol-gel host.

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Gavin J. Gall, Terence A. King, Stephen Nigel Oliver, Carol A. Capozzi, Angela B. Seddon, Callum A. S. Hill, and Allan E. Underhill "Third-order nonlinear optical properties of metal dithiolene- and phthalocyanine-doped sol-gel materials", Proc. SPIE 2288, Sol-Gel Optics III, (13 October 1994); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.188972

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