Music score watermarking by clef modifications

Martin Schmucker; Hongning Yan

doi:10.1117/12.477298

20 June 2003 Music score watermarking by clef modifications

Martin Schmucker, Hongning Yan

Proceedings Volume 5020, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents V; (2003) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.477298
Event: Electronic Imaging 2003, 2003, Santa Clara, CA, United States

Abstract

In this paper we present a new method for hiding data in music scores. In contrast to previous published algorithms we investigate the possibilities of embedding information in clefs. Using the clef as information carrier has two advantages: First, a clef is present in each staff line which guarantees a fixed capacity. Second, the clef defines the reference system for musical symbols and music containing symbols, e.g. the notes and the rests, are not degraded by manipulations. Music scores must be robust against greyscale to binary conversion. As a consequence, the information is embedded by modifying the black and white distribution of pixels in certain areas. We evaluate simple image processing mechanisms based on erosion and dilation for embedding the information. For retrieving the watermark the b/w-distribution is extracted from the given clef. To solve the synchronization problem the watermarked clef is normalized in a pre-processing step. The normalization is based on moments. The areas used for watermarking are calculated by image segmentation techniques which consider the features of a clef. We analyze capacity and robustness of the proposed method using different parameters for our proposed method. This proposed method can be combined with other music score watermarking methods to increase the capacity of existing watermarking techniques.

Citation Download Citation

Martin Schmucker and Hongning Yan "Music score watermarking by clef modifications", Proc. SPIE 5020, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents V, (20 June 2003); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.477298

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