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Optical microresonators have been proven effective for developing sensitive chemical and biological sensors by
monitoring the changes in refractive index or mass near the resonator surface. The rotationally symmetric structures
support high quality (Q) whispering gallery modes (WGMs) that interact with the local environment through the
evanescent field. The long photon lifetime of the high-Q resonator (thus the long light-material interaction path) is the
key reason that a microresonator can achieve very high sensitivity in detection. In this paper, we present our recent
research on using porous wall hollow glass microsphere (PW-HGM) as an optical microresonator for chemical vapor
detection. The diameter of the PW-HGM ranges from 10μm to 100μm. The wall thickness is about 2μm and the pore
size is about 20nm. The Q-factors and free spectrum ranges (FSR) of PW-HGMs were measured by coupling light into
the PW-HGM using a single mode fiber taper. Various types of chemical vapors were used to characterize the PW-HGM
resonator. The resonant wavelength shift was measured as a function of vapor concentration. Comparisons between a
PW-HGM and a solid glass microsphere indicated that a PW-HGM can effectively adsorb vapor molecules into its nanosized
pores, providing a direct and long light-material interaction path for significant sensitivity enhancement for
chemical vapor detection.
Hanzheng Wang,Lei Yuan,Cheol-Woon Kim,Edward Pienkowski, andHai Xiao
"Porous wall hollow glass microsphere as an optical microresonator for chemical vapor detection", Proc. SPIE 8236, Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XIV, 82361I (6 February 2012); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.907560
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Hanzheng Wang, Lei Yuan, Cheol-Woon Kim, Edward Pienkowski, Hai Xiao, "Porous wall hollow glass microsphere as an optical microresonator for chemical vapor detection," Proc. SPIE 8236, Laser Resonators, Microresonators, and Beam Control XIV, 82361I (6 February 2012); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.907560