Electromagnetic momentum in a dielectric and the energy-momentum tensor

Michael E. Crenshaw

doi:10.1117/12.946255

10 October 2012 Electromagnetic momentum in a dielectric and the energy-momentum tensor

Michael E. Crenshaw

Proceedings Volume 8458, Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation IX; 845804 (2012) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.946255
Event: SPIE NanoScience + Engineering, 2012, San Diego, California, United States

Abstract

The Abraham–Minkowski momentum controversy is the outwardly visible symptom of an inconsistency in the use of the energy–momentum tensor in the case of a plane quasimonochromatic field in a simple linear dielectric. We show that the Gordon form of the electromagnetic momentum is conserved in a thermodynamically closed system. We regard conservation of the components of the four-momentum in a thermodynamically closed system as a fundamental property of the energy–momentum tensor. Then the first row and column of the energy–momentum tensor is populated by the electromagnetic energy density and the Gordon momentum density. We derive new electromagnetic continuity equations for the electromagnetic energy and momentum that are based on the Gordon momentum density. These continuity equations can be represented in the energy–momentum tensor using a material four-divergence operator in which temporal differentiation is performed with respect to ct/n.

Citation Download Citation

Michael E. Crenshaw "Electromagnetic momentum in a dielectric and the energy-momentum tensor", Proc. SPIE 8458, Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation IX, 845804 (10 October 2012); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.946255

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