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The papers included in this volume were part of the technical conference cited on the cover and title page. Papers were selected and subject to review by the editors and conference program committee. Some conference presentations may not be available for publication. The papers published in these proceedings reflect the work and thoughts of the authors and are published herein as submitted. The publisher is not responsible for the validity of the information or for any outcomes resulting from reliance thereon. Please use the following format to cite material from this book: Author(s), “Title of Paper,” in Advances in Computational Methods for X-Ray Optics III, edited by Manuel Sanchez del Rio, Oleg Chubar, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 9209 (SPIE, Bellingham, WA, 2014) Article CID Number. ISSN: 0277-786X ISBN: 9781628412369 Published by SPIE P.O. Box 10, Bellingham, Washington 98227-0010 USA Telephone +1 360 676 3290 (Pacific Time)· Fax +1 360 647 1445 Copyright © 2014, Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. Copying of material in this book for internal or personal use, or for the internal or personal use of specific clients, beyond the fair use provisions granted by the U.S. Copyright Law is authorized by SPIE subject to payment of copying fees. The Transactional Reporting Service base fee for this volume is $18.00 per article (or portion thereof), which should be paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. Payment may also be made electronically through CCC Online at copyright.com. Other copying for republication, resale, advertising or promotion, or any form of systematic or multiple reproduction of any material in this book is prohibited except with permission in writing from the publisher. The CCC fee code is 0277-786X/14/$18.00. Printed in the United States of America. Publication of record for individual papers is online in the SPIE Digital Library.
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The CID Number appears on each page of the manuscript. The complete citation is used on the first page, and an abbreviated version on subsequent pages. Numbers in the index correspond to the last two digits of the six-digit CID Number. AuthorsNumbers in the index correspond to the last two digits of the six-digit citation identifier (CID) article numbering system used in Proceedings of SPIE. The first four digits reflect the volume number. Base 36 numbering is employed for the last two digits and indicates the order of articles within the volume. Numbers start with 00, 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09, 0A, 0B…0Z, followed by 10-1Z, 20-2Z, etc. Alcock, Simon G., 03 Alianelli, Lucia, 03 Assoufid, Lahsen, 09 Bahrdt, J., 08 Barbastathis, George, 0P, 0R Bashir, Sajid, 0P, 13 Beiersdorfer, P., 0M Bisogni, V., 0I Bitter, M., 0M Boehnlein, Amber, 0Z Bruhwiler, David L., 0Z Cai, Yong Q., 0H, 0Y Canestrari, Niccolo, 0G, 0I, 0X Chen, H., 0M Chernikov, Roman, 0A Chubar, Oleg, 03, 07, 0G, 0H, 0I, 0L, 0V, 0X, 0Z Coburn, David S., 0Y Cunsolo, Alessandro, 0Y Delgado-Aparicio, L., 0M Demsar, Janez, 0X DiMasi, Elaine, 0G Dvorak, J., 0I Efthimion, P., 0M Flechsig, U., 08 Grizzoli, W., 08 Gupta, Rajiv, 0R Haldrup, Kristoffer, 0B Han, Yueping, 0U He, A., 0V Hill, Kenneth W., 0M Jiang, Xiaolei, 0U Kanwal, Bushra, 0O Keister, Jeffrey W., 0Y Klementiev, Konstantin, 0A Knudsen, Erik B., 0B Kozhevnikov, Igor V., 0F Krzywinski, Jacek, 0Z Kshevetskii, Sergey P., 0Q Lambert, Andrew, 0T Laundy, David, 03 Li, Ruihong, 0U Lu, J., 0M MacDonald, C. A., 0O, 0P, 13 Nagler, Robert, 0Z Nielsen, Martin M., 0B Pablant, N. A., 0M Pan, Adam, 0P, 0R Petrescu, Alexandru Filip, 0O Petruccelli, Jonathan C., 0P, 0R, 13 Pickering, Mark, 0T Qian, Jun, 09 Raimondi, Lorenzo, 0E Rebuffi, Luca, 0J, 0X Reininger, Ruben Y., 09, 11 Saha, Sajib, 0T Samoylova, Liubov, 04, 0F Sánchez del Río, Manuel, 05, 09, 0M, 0X, 11 Sawhney, Kawal J. S., 03 Scardi, Paolo, 0J Schmidt, Søren, 0B Shi, Xianbo, 09, 11 Siewert, F., 08 Sinn, Harald, 04 Sondhauss, Peter, 0C Spiga, Daniele, 0E Sun, Tianxi, 0O Sutter, John P., 03, 0H, 0L Suvorov, Alexey Y., 0H, 0L, 0Y Tahir, Sajjad, 0P, 13 Tahtali, Murat, 0T Tian, Lei, 0P Topel, Eric J., 0B Vescovo, E., 0I Walter, A., 0I Widmann, K., 0M Wojda, Pawel R., 0Q Xu, Ling, 0P, 0R Yashchuk, Valeriy V., 0F Yu, L. H., 0V Zhernenkov, Mikhail, 0G Zhu, Y., 0I Conference CommitteeProgram Track Chairs Carolyn A. MacDonald, University at Albany (United States) Ralph B. James, Brookhaven National Laboratory (United States) Conference Chairs Manuel Sanchez del Rio, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (France) Oleg Chubar, Brookhaven National Laboratory (United States) Conference Co-chairs Carolyn MacDonald, University at Albany (United States) Kawal J. Sawhney, Diamond Light Source Ltd. (United Kingdom) Conference Program Committee Lucia Alianelli, Diamond Light Source Ltd. (United Kingdom) Johannes Bahrdt, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (Germany) Roger J. Dejus, Argonne National Laboratory (United States) Gianluca Aldo Geloni, European XFEL GmbH (Germany) Graeme Hansford, University of Leicester (United Kingdom) Kenneth W. Hill, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (United States) Mourad Idir, Brookhaven National Laboratory (United States) Tetsuya Ishikawa, RIKEN (Japan) Ali M. Khounsary, X-ray Optics, Inc. (United States) and Illinois Institute of Technology (United States) Erik Bergbäck Knudsen, Technical Universitet of Denmark (Denmark) Jacek Krzywinski, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (United States) Bernd C. Meyer, Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron (Brazil) Giovanni Pareschi, INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera (Italy) Francois A. Polack, Synchrotron SOLEIL (France) Ruben Y. Reininger, Brookhaven National Laboratory (United States) and Scientific Answers & Solutions LLC (United States) Liubov Samoylova, European XFEL GmbH (Germany) David A. Shapiro, Brookhaven National Laboratory (United States) Yuri V. Shvyd’ko, Argonne National Laboratory (United States) Anatoly A. Snigirev, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (France) Peter C. Sondhauss, MAX IV Laboratory, Lund Universitet (Sweden) Alexey Y. Suvorov, Brookhaven National Laboratory (United States) Laszlo Vincze, Universiteit Gent (Belgium) Timm Weitkamp, Synchrotron SOLEIL (France) Garth J. Williams, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (United States) Valeriy V. Yashchuk, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (United States) Session Chairs 1 Fundamentals and Facility Reports I Kawal Sawhney, Diamond Light Source Ltd. (United Kingdom) 2 Fundamentals and Facility Reports II Kawal Sawhney, Diamond Light Source Ltd. (United Kingdom) 3 Methods and Codes I Oleg Chubar, Brookhaven National Laboratory (United States) 4 Methods and Codes II Oleg Chubar, Brookhaven National Laboratory (United States) 5 Instruments and Beamlines Manuel Sanchez Del Rio, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (France) 6 Crystal Optics Carolyn MacDonald, University at Albany (United States) 7 High-Resolution Focusing Optics and Imaging I Irina Snigireva, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (France) 8 High-Resolution Focusing Optics and Imaging II Irina Snigireva, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (France) IntroductionThis SPIE 9209 Conference, Advances in Computational Methods for X-Ray Optics III, comes three years after the second edition (SPIE 8141). It is our intention to organize this conference with three-year frequency—leaving time to witness the important developments in the field. 10 of the 28 oral presentations were invited. An interesting poster session opened the conference sessions with five more papers. Sessions were dedicated to Fundamentals and Facility Reports, Methods and Codes, Instruments and Beamlines, Crystal Optics, and High-Resolution Focusing Optics and Imaging. A satellite workshop on “Software for Modeling X-ray Sources, Optics and Scattering” completed and complemented the program of the conference with live demonstrations of software tools. The numerous presentations demonstrated considerable progress in the field since the last conference: stimulated, to large extent, by the construction and start of operation of the new synchrotron and XFEL sources and the challenging upgrade of the existing ones. This evolution and in particular the continuously growing importance of the wave-optics simulations for the low-emittance synchrotrons and for x-ray FEL, was emphasized by Kwang-Je Kim in his opening talk. Other speakers from most important X-ray sources (Diamond Light Source, European XFEL, ESRF, LCLS, NSLS-II, MAX-IV, APS, Elettra) discussed the news from their facilities with examples of simulations for beamlines. The presentations showed that most new beamline simulations were modeled using well established software codes (SRW, SHADOW, PHASE, McXtrace) and in many cases the calculations used more than one code which stressed the adequacy and limitations of the different codes depending on the phenomena and radiation characteristics to study. Calculations of partially coherent emission and radiation propagation are extensively demanded for the new facilities, and SRW demonstrated its suitability for these simulations and is taken as a reference. Several new developments in SRW extended its range of applications to cover grazing incidence focusing mirrors, variable line spacing gratings and crystals. Merging wave-optics and ray-tracing into hybrid methods is another tendency that has been observed, and it opens the way to new tools that will permit to simulate experiments using simultaneously several codes. New developments for treating and analyzing scattering from mirror imperfections were presented. A crystal optics session covered a number of new developments and applications including high-resolution crystal systems, coherent imaging of photonic crystals, applications for plasma diagnostics, and imaging optics in laboratory sources. Although most of the talks were related to synchrotron radiation sources (of third and fourth generation), a few presentations were dedicated to other x-ray sources (plasma physics, astrophysics). The last session on High-Resolution Focusing Optics and Imaging included experimental and modeling works for phase contrast imaging using laboratory sources. The Conference triggered a rich exchange of information among different communities that share optical designs and methodological approaches for dealing with x-rays. The workshop on “Software for Modeling X-ray Sources, Optics and Scattering” followed the talks and was well attended. The workshop was limited to short demonstrations of software updates, in three blocks related to McXtrace, SHADOW and SRW. E. B. Knudsen discussed last applications of McXtrace and showed a web-based interface. P. Sondhauss demonstrated MASH, a web-based environment to simulate beamlines powered by COMSOL and SHADOW. M. Sanchez del Rio briefly discussed the evolution of XOP, upgrading the current version to 2.4, and exploring a new version to be integrated into an Orange-based common tool. L. Rebuffi showed a modern and performant interface to SHADOW under Orange. In the last block dedicated to SRW, O. Chubar briefly presented the latest news, including the on-going development of the “virtual beamline” library targeting to facilitate commissioning of new beamlines and simulation of experiments, then D. Bruhwiler demonstrated the use of a web-IPython-based interface for SRW, and finally L. Samoylova presented the IPython environment built on top of SRW for the simulations at the European XFEL. We are indebted to our co-chairs Carolyn MacDonald and Kawal Sawhney for their enthusiasm and help in the organization of this conference, and also to the members of the Program Committee for their invaluable assistance. Manuel Sanchez del Rio Oleg Chubar |
