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A miniature (175 μm) all-optical photoacoustic probe has been developed for minimally invasive sensing and imaging applications. The probe comprises a single optical fibre which delivers the excitation light and a broadband 50 MHz Fabry-Pérot (F-P) ultrasound sensor at the distal end for detecting the photoacoustic waves. A graded index lens proximal to the F-P sensor is used to reduce beam walk-off and thus increase sensitivity as well as confine the excitation beam in order to increase lateral spatial resolution. The probe was evaluated in non-scattering media and found to provide lateral and axial resolutions of < 100 μm and < 150 μm respectively for distances up to 1 cm from the tip of the probe. The ability of the probe to detect a blood vessel mimicking phantom at distances up to 7 mm from the tip was demonstrated in order to illustrate its potential suitability for needle guidance applications.
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Sunish J. Mathews, Edward Z. Zhang, Adrien E. Desjardins, Paul C. Beard, "Miniature fibre optic probe for minimally invasive photoacoustic sensing," Proc. SPIE 9708, Photons Plus Ultrasound: Imaging and Sensing 2016, 97082R (18 March 2016); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2211661