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We present a scheme to encode M extra classical bits to a dense-coded pair of photons. By tuning the delay of an entangled pair of photons to one of 2M time-bins and then applying one of the quantum dense coding protocols, a receiver equipped with a synchronized clock of reference is able to decode M bits (via classical time-bin encoding) + 2 bits (via quantum dense coding). This protocol, yet simple, does not dispense several special features of the used programmable delay apparatus to maintain the coherence of the two-photon state. While this type of time-domain encoding may be thought to be ideally of boundless photonic capacity (by increasing the number of available time-bins), errors due to the environmental noise and the imperfect devices and channel evolve with the number of time-bins.
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Salem F. Hegazy, Ahmed E. Morra, Salah S. A. Obayya, "Encoding M classical bits in the relative arrival time of dense-coded photons," Proc. SPIE 9900, Quantum Optics, 99000L (29 April 2016); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2227482