Error correction in measurement-based quantum computing schemes will require the construction of cluster states in at least 3 dimensions. Here, we generate 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-dimensional optical frequency-mode cluster states by sending broadband 2-mode vacuum-squeezed light through an electro-optical modulator (EOM) driven with multiple frequencies.
We create the squeezed light using 4-wave mixing in Rb atomic vapor and mix the sideband frequencies (qumodes) using an EOM, producing a pattern of entanglement correlations that constitute continuous-variable graph states containing up to several hundred qumodes. We verify the entanglement structure by using homodyne measurements to construct the covariance matrices and evaluate the nullifiers. This technique enables the scaling of optical cluster states to multiple dimensions without increasing loss.
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