4 April 2024 Laboratory demonstration of a Photonic Lantern Nuller in monochromatic and broadband light
Yinzi Xin, Daniel Echeverri, Nemanja Jovanovic, Dimitri Mawet, Sergio Leon-Saval, Rodrigo Amezcua-Correa, Stephanos Yerolatsitis, Michael P. Fitzgerald, Pradip Gatkine, Yoo Jung Kim, Jonathan Lin, Barnaby Norris, Garreth Ruane, Steph Sallum
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Abstract

Photonic lantern nulling (PLN) is a method for enabling the detection and characterization of close-in exoplanets by exploiting the symmetries of the ports of a mode-selective photonic lantern (MSPL) to cancel out starlight. A six-port MSPL provides four ports where on-axis starlight is suppressed, while off-axis planet light is coupled with efficiencies that vary as a function of the planet’s spatial position. We characterize the properties of a six-port MSPL in the laboratory and perform the first testbed demonstration of the PLN in monochromatic light (1569 nm) and in broadband light (1450 to 1625 nm), each using two orthogonal polarizations. We compare the measured spatial throughput maps with those predicted by simulations using the lantern’s modes. We find that the morphologies of the measured throughput maps are reproduced by the simulations, though the real lantern is lossy and has lower throughputs overall. The measured ratios of on-axis stellar leakage to peak off-axis throughput are around 102, likely limited by testbed wavefront errors. These null-depths are already sufficient for observing young gas giants at the diffraction limit using ground-based observatories. Future work includes using wavefront control to further improve the nulls, as well as testing and validating the PLN on-sky.

© 2024 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
Yinzi Xin, Daniel Echeverri, Nemanja Jovanovic, Dimitri Mawet, Sergio Leon-Saval, Rodrigo Amezcua-Correa, Stephanos Yerolatsitis, Michael P. Fitzgerald, Pradip Gatkine, Yoo Jung Kim, Jonathan Lin, Barnaby Norris, Garreth Ruane, and Steph Sallum "Laboratory demonstration of a Photonic Lantern Nuller in monochromatic and broadband light," Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems 10(2), 025001 (4 April 2024). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JATIS.10.2.025001
Received: 30 October 2023; Accepted: 18 March 2024; Published: 4 April 2024
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KEYWORDS
Polarization

Single mode fibers

Nulling interferometry

Wavefronts

Planets

Simulations

Mode shapes

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