Photonic lantern nulling (PLN) is a method for enabling the detection and characterization of close-in exoplanets by exploiting the symmetries of the ports of a mode-selective photonic lantern (MSPL) to cancel out starlight. A six-port MSPL provides four ports where on-axis starlight is suppressed, while off-axis planet light is coupled with efficiencies that vary as a function of the planet’s spatial position. We characterize the properties of a six-port MSPL in the laboratory and perform the first testbed demonstration of the PLN in monochromatic light (1569 nm) and in broadband light (1450 to 1625 nm), each using two orthogonal polarizations. We compare the measured spatial throughput maps with those predicted by simulations using the lantern’s modes. We find that the morphologies of the measured throughput maps are reproduced by the simulations, though the real lantern is lossy and has lower throughputs overall. The measured ratios of on-axis stellar leakage to peak off-axis throughput are around |
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Polarization
Single mode fibers
Nulling interferometry
Wavefronts
Planets
Simulations
Mode shapes