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4 October 2023 Cascaded domain multiphoton spatial frequency modulation imaging
Daniel Scarbrough, Anna Thomas, Jeff Field, Randy Bartels, Jeff Squier
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Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 28, Issue 10, 106502 (October 2023). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.28.10.106502
Abstract

Significance

Multiphoton microscopy is a powerful imaging tool for biomedical applications. A variety of techniques and respective benefits exist for multiphoton microscopy, but an enhanced resolution is especially desired. Additionally multiphoton microscopy requires ultrafast pulses for excitation, so optimization of the pulse duration at the sample is critical for strong signals.

Aim

We aim to perform enhanced resolution imaging that is robust to scattering using a structured illumination technique while also providing a rapid and easily repeatable means to optimize group delay dispersion (GDD) compensation through to the sample.

Approach

Spatial frequency modulation imaging (SPIFI) is used in two domains: the spatial domain (SD) and the wavelength domain (WD). The WD-SPIFI system is an in-line tool enabling GDD optimization that considers all material through to the sample. The SD-SPIFI system follows and enables enhanced resolution imaging.

Results

The WD-SPIFI dispersion optimization performance is confirmed with independent pulse characterization, enabling rapid optimization of pulses for imaging with the SD-SPIFI system. The SD-SPIFI system demonstrates enhanced resolution imaging without the use of photon counting enabled by signal to noise improvements due to the WD-SPIFI system.

Conclusions

Implementing SPIFI in-line in two domains enables full-path dispersion compensation optimization through to the sample for enhanced resolution multiphoton microscopy.
CC BY: © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.
Citation Download Citation
Daniel Scarbrough, Anna Thomas, Jeff Field, Randy Bartels, and Jeff Squier "Cascaded domain multiphoton spatial frequency modulation imaging," Journal of Biomedical Optics 28(10), 106502 (4 October 2023). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.28.10.106502
Received: 24 April 2023; Accepted: 19 September 2023; Published: 4 October 2023
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KEYWORDS
Modulation
Spatial frequencies
Point spread functions
Resolution enhancement technologies
Imaging systems
Optical gratings
Pulse signals
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