This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 6537 including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and the Conference Committee listing.

Optically pumped alkali vapor lasers have been developed during last several years. Efficient operation of Cesium, Rubidium and Potassium vapor lasers has been demonstrated. Laser slope efficiencies higher than 80% have been achieved. In this paper we present the latest achievements in this field, discuss the main directions and problems in high power alkali lasers development and possible solutions of these problems.

The new method of measurement of instantaneous spectral amplitudes for requiring frequencies under the action of terahertz pulse is proposed. It allows one to investigate the frequency dynamics by using the integral measurements of the optical signal.

Self-action of a frequency-modulated laser beam, propagating through a two-level saturable absorber, is modeled numerically basing of the direct solution of Maxwell-Bloch equations. Following the common idea of spectroscopy, we plot the output intensity versus the input laser frequency that periodically changes in time. At modulation frequencies comparable with the relaxation rates the hysteresis loop is observed, i.e. the dependence of the transmitted intensity upon the instantaneous frequency depends on the direction of the frequency change. At large amplitudes of modulation coherent transient oscillations of the output intensity are observed.

Using discrete approximation of the continuous levels in H-atom the nonperturbative probability amplitude equations for 1s state and groups of continuous levels coupled via laser resonant pulse were solved numerically. The coherent Rabi-like population oscillations of 1s -state are observed. The role of free-free transitions, optimum pulse area and other parameters for recombination are discussed.

A new efficient method of calculating the photoionization of a hydrogen atom in a strong magnetic field is developed basing on the Kantorovich approach to the parametric boundary problems in spherical coordinates. The progress as compared with our previous paper [SPIE Proc. 6165, p. 66−82, (2006)] consists in computation of the wave functions of continuous spectrum, including the quasi-stationary states imbedded in the continuum. The photoionization cross sections for the ground and excited states are in good agreement with the calculations by other authors.

The nonperturbative kinetic description of the interband tunneling effect under action of the strong electric field (dynamical analog of the Zener effect) is proposed. The developed approach is based on the analogy with the Sauter-Schwinger effect and its dynamical analog in QED. The kinetic equation for quasiparticle excitations is derived on the dynamical basis in the framework of the oscillator representation. The numerical estimates are made for some simple cases of external field.

We consider the possibility of an experimental proof of vacuum e⁺e^- pair creation in the focus of two counter−propagating optical laser beams with an intensity of the order of 10²⁰-10²² W/cm². Our approach is based on the collisionless kinetic equation for the distribution function of the e⁺e^- pairs with the source term for particle production. As a possible experimental signal of vacuum pair production we consider the refraction of a high-frequency probe laser beam by the produced e⁺e^- plasma to be observed by an interference filter. The generation of high harmonics of laser frequency in the self-consistent electric field is also investigated.

A light energy transfer of femtosecond pulse through band-gap of 1-D nonlinear photonic crystal (PC) with disorder of layers length or without it is shown. To realize this phenomenon it is necessary to use a light pulse with sufficient short duration. This pulse can penetrate in photonic crystal despite on band-gap. After that the nonlinear response of photonic crystal results in shifting of structure frequency and for pulse with sufficient intensity a transparence of PC appears. Computer simulation was made on the base of original approach for describing of laser light propagation in photonic crystal. As boundary conditions the nonreflecting boundary conditions developed for this problem are used.

Effect of absorption and amplification on dispersion properties of microstructure fiber is considered. Gain of high-order modes is analyzed. The adjustment of the radius of the central active core allows to achieve the optimal conditions for the lasing of fundamental mode in multimode microstructure fiber. Arrangement of multiple active cores allows exciting high-order modes selectively.

Waveguiding below/above cut-off for 1D photonic crystals and photonic crystal fibers are discussed. Two type of waveguiding are predicted: one is total reflection affected by cladding periodicity, second type connected with band gaps in cladding.

We present the results of calculations of the spectral and spatial characteristics of finite length 1D PC with air-glass-doped layers. For these calculations we used the transfer matrix formalism. We present also the results of calculation accounting nonlinear deformation of the field distribution along the structure due to gain and refraction index saturation. The results of calculations of laser power are presented on the dependence from gain and from angle of propagation. The lazing optimum condition is determined.

Present paper is devoted to studying the properties of anisotropic photonic crystal media and developing algorithms for calculating them. Plane wave method suitable for three-dimensional anisotropic periodic media was used to obtain the matrix equation yielding the eigenwaves characteristics of the structures concerned. As a particular case, properties of two-dimensional photonic crystals filled with liquid crystal elements were analyzed. Different variants of dispersion properties tuning were discussed.

Electromagnetic wave diffraction on a cylindrical dielectric grating, inserted into a dielectric slab and placed on a dielectric substrate is considered. The problem is reduced to integral equation. Logarithm singularity of the integral equation kernel is extracted in explicit form that allows to solve integral equation changing integral by the high-precision quadrature formulae. Such analytical transformations result in high convergence of the algorithm.

The dispersion in one-dimensional periodic and one-dimensional pseudoperiodic flat-layered magnetodielectric structures with dissipative and active layers has been calculated. It has been shown that the bandgap zones are destroying (washing out) under the loss, and there are forbidden bands in the wavevector space for structures with common dissipative and active layers. The group velocity may exceed the velocity of light up to infinity in the points of junction of direct and backward waves.

The simplest dispersion lows in the dissipative media, the density of energy, and the characteristic velocities of monochromatic wave process: phase, group and energy velocities have been considered. It has been shown that for polar dielectrics with anomalous positive dispersion and Debye low the velocity of energy coincides with the phase velocity, and the group velocity may exceed the velocity of light.

It is considered dynamics of two identical two-level atoms in non-ideal cavity. Using approach developed before by us for case of one two-level atom, analytical expression for density matrix of the system is presented. Dynamics of level populations, mean number of photons and correlation function for photons are considered. Using Peres-Horodecki criteria exact expression for entanglement dynamics of two identical two-level atoms in cavity is given. Influence of detuning and damping constants are considered.

In this work we considered temporal behaviour of a two two-level atoms in a infinite-Q cavity with atom dissipation for coherent and squeezed inputs. The analytic expressions for second-order correlation function and squeezing parameters and amplitude-squeezing parameters are obtained on the basis of master equation solution. System observables dynamics is investigated for coherent and squeezed initial field state for various system parameters values.

The entropy dynamics for three-level Ξ-type atom is investigated in the article. The analytic expressions for atomic entropy are obtained in the work, as well as exact solutions for Schr&diaero;dinger equation for wave function. The entanglement dynamics in the system is considered on the base of reduced entropy analysis.

Precise calculation of corrections to the fine shift of the energy levels is possible only if the quantities of the type (equation available in manuscript) are absent in the terms of the perturbation theory in the fine structure constant. An attempt to find the method of Coulomb interaction description of the hydrogen-like atoms is realized in this paper. We obtained the correction (equation available in manuscript) which was earlier unknown.

Geometry and partial charge distribution for arachidic acid molecules was calculated. Interaction of arachidic acid molecules with ethanol for developing model of gas sensor was investigated. Model of arachidic acid Langmuir-Blodgett film on water surface was developed and molecular dynamic simulation of such system was done.

The differential cross-section of the double ionization of the hydrogen molecule by a fast-electron impact is calculated using the expansion of the solution in terms of spheroidal functions. The calculation of the cross-section is reduced to the calculation of a set of one-dimensional integrals of the spheroidal functions which is a substantial advantage of the method. Calculations based on different approximate models of electron-electron correlation are compared with each other and with the experiment.

Nonperturbative numerical modeling of the excitation of the hydrogen atom from the ground state into Rydberg states by means of CW or pulsed laser radiation with linear or circular polarization is presented. Temporal population dynamics of Rydberg states is calculated. The results should be considered as preliminary, since the transitions to continuum and the relaxation processes have not been taken into account.

In connection with experimental IR spectra of the 2-, 3-, and 4-biphenylmethanols in solid crystal state the presence of the hydrogen bond in their samples was found. Using the density functional theory (B3LYP/6-31G*), the following parameters of the compounds mentioned above and of their H-bond complexes, which are formed in solid crystal phase have been computed: the energies, structures, dipole moments, polarizabilities, frequencies of the normal modes in harmonic approximation, IR intensities, Raman activities. On the basis of analysis of experimental spectra and modeling results the issues about crystal structure peculiarities of 2-, 3-, and 4-biphenylmethanols and about the influence of H-bond on the dynamics of their molecular systems were made.

Investigation of benzophenone (BP)-TiO₂ and 4-amyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (5CB)-TiO₂ bicomponent mixtures by vibrational spectroscopy and quantum mechanical methods was carried out. IR spectra of BP-TiO₂ and 5C-BTiO₂ were measured in 400-3800 cm^-1 region. The structure, energy, electrooptical parameters, frequencies and IR intencities for the models of H-bond complexes which are seem to be formed in near surface layer of the TiO₂ nanoparticles, embedded into BP and 5CB samples. Calculations were performed using B3LYP/6-31+G(d) method.

To enhance the laser-stimulated recombination of antihydrogen from cold antiproton-positron plasma in a trap we propose to use a new resonance mechanism involving the quasi-stationary states of the positron that arise from the joint action of the Coulomb field of the antiproton and the strong magnetic field of the trap. The recombination rate is expressed via the cross-section of laser ionization of the atom that has strongly non-monotonic frequency dependence due to the presence of quasi-stationary states merged into the continuum background. The estimates using previously calculated ionization cross-section show the possibility to enhance the laser-stimulated recombination by means of the optimal laser frequency choice.

Results of numerical model operation of the x-ray radiation spectra and values of the magnetic field induction of the laser plasma received on aluminium and copper targets under action of USP are presented in this work. In calculations the mathematcial model including combined equations of ideal magnetohydrodynamics in vie of tranpsor ot laser radiation and a self-radiation of laser plasm, supplemented by equations of state and tabulared absorption constant was used. Calculations have shown the oscillation of the x-rays in a pectral rang 1-10 keV with intensity up to 10¹¹ W/cm². It is revealed that the accoutn of a heating of plasma by the laser USP changes sharply the morphology of a powerful shock plams wave. Calucation has shown that near to a surface of a target there is an oscillation of spontaneous magnetic fields with an induction about 5•10⁷ Gs. And medial value of a magnetic field induction on a copper target in 1. times is more than on an aluminium target. The electron concnetration in laser plams on a copper target, on the average, in 1.3 times is more than on an aluminium target. The velocity of a motion of front of laser plama is ovservationally estimaed at an optical breakdown in atmosphere which ahs made quantity about 7.5•10⁶cm/s.