A cryogenic imaging X-ray spectrometer for XEUS read out by frequency-division SQUID multiplexers

Piet A. J. de Korte; John J. van Baar; Norman H. R. Baars; Frank E. Bakker; Wouter M. Bergmann Tiest; Marcel P. Bruijn; Alexander Germeau; Henk F. C. Hoevers; Mikko Kiviranta; Eric Krouwer; Jan van der Kuur; Marco P. Lubbers; Wim A. Mels; Marcel L. Ridder; Heikki Seppae; Remco J. Wiegerink

doi:10.1117/12.552933

29 September 2004 A cryogenic imaging x-ray spectrometer for XEUS readout by frequency-division SQUID multiplexers

Piet A. J. de Korte, John J. van Baar, Norman H. R. Baars, Frank E. Bakker, Wouter M. Bergmann Tiest, Marcel P. Bruijn, Alexander Germeau, Henk F. C. Hoevers, Mikko Kiviranta, Eric Krouwer, Jan van der Kuur, Marco P. Lubbers, Wim A. Mels, Marcel L. Ridder, Heikki Seppae, Remco J. Wiegerink

Author Affiliations +

Proceedings Volume 5501, High-Energy Detectors in Astronomy; (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.552933
Event: SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, 2004, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Abstract

A micro-calorimeter array with superconducting transition-edge sensors read out by a SQUID-based frequency-domain multiplexer is under development for the X-ray imaging spectrometer on board ESA’s X-ray Evolving Universe Spectroscopy (XEUS) mission. The XEUS requirements are 2 and 5 eV FWHM energy resolution for 2 and 7 keV X-rays, respectively. An array of 32 x 32 pixels with 250 micron square pixels is envisaged. SRON and MESA⁺ have developed 5 x 5 imaging micro-calorimeter prototype arrays along a bulk micromachining and a surface micromachining route. The present state of array design and development with emphasis on pixel-to-pixel performance measurements of thermal and I-V characteristics, sensor noise and energy resolution are presented. SRON and VTT are developing frequency-domain multiplexing with SQUID current amplifiers to read out the 32 x 32 array. The concept for the frequency division multiplexing read-out will be presented and its performance characteristics discussed. Recent results of sensor operation under AC-bias (500 kHz) are presented.

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Piet A. J. de Korte, John J. van Baar, Norman H. R. Baars, Frank E. Bakker, Wouter M. Bergmann Tiest, Marcel P. Bruijn, Alexander Germeau, Henk F. C. Hoevers, Mikko Kiviranta, Eric Krouwer, Jan van der Kuur, Marco P. Lubbers, Wim A. Mels, Marcel L. Ridder, Heikki Seppae, and Remco J. Wiegerink "A cryogenic imaging x-ray spectrometer for XEUS readout by frequency-division SQUID multiplexers", Proc. SPIE 5501, High-Energy Detectors in Astronomy, (29 September 2004); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.552933

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