Dr. Alex Borgoo Profile

Dr. Alex Borgoo

at Spectricity

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Proceedings Article | 2 March 2022 Presentation + Paper

Accurate measurement of SpO2 and dermal skin hydration using a wearable miniaturized spectrometer

R. Van Beers, M. Jacobs, A. Borgoo, M. Hornikx, S. Janssens, W. van der Tempel, J. Borremans

Proceedings Volume 11956, 1195602 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2607346

KEYWORDS: Oximetry, CMOS technology, Skin, Spectroscopy, Sensors, Data modeling, Reflectivity, Calibration, Absorption, Light emitting diodes, Blood

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We present the performance of a CMOS miniaturized (4mm x 3.2mm x 3.3mm) spectrometer for two specific wearable health applications: reflective medically-accurate SpO₂ and dermal H₂O measurement for preventive health and remote follow-up use cases. The spectrometer has been manufactured using a monolithically integrated filter process, enabling low-cost, low-power, miniature and mass-producible spectral sensors. Accurate biomarker models can be built using continuous on-skin hyperspectral tissue and PPG data. A deoxygenation trial on 17 healthy volunteers was conducted using the wrist-worn spectrometer in the 650-900nm wavelength range. Using partial least squares (PLS) modeling, a model was built to correlate the obtained spectral PPG data to SpO₂ data from a reference finger clip (Nonin 8000A). In the tested range between 87% and 100% SpO₂, an RMSEP of 1.86%SpO₂ has been obtained on a separate test set, well within the 3.5% requirement of the FDA. For dermal skin hydration, a study on 29 volunteers (including 4 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and fluid retention in legs) was conducted with the spectrometer in the 750-1050 nm range. A spectroscopic model was compared with a lymph scanner as gold standard measuring localized percentage water content (PWC), yielding a decent prediction accuracy of 3.3% RMSE, while correctly identifying the patients with CHF. We demonstrated the viability of a miniaturized spectrometer for wearable skin biomarker measurements. This solution has the potential to detect other tissue biomarkers such as SpCO or StO₂, or to read subdermal markers such as hydrogels for glucose or lactate detection.

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