Minimally invasive and robotic surgery rely on endoscopes to provide the "eyes" of the surgeon. Endoscopes are perhaps the most complex of commercial optical systems and may contain 30 or more optical components. The design of these medical devices must be robust enough to withstand the rigors of thousands of cycles of pressurized steam sterilization, yet address the requirements needed for incredibly delicate clinical procedures. This course teaches how to approach the use of miniature optics in your medical device design. We examine the optics from the physicians' perspective; e.g. how the endoscope optics for abdominal surgery are different than those for knee surgery. Optical specifications are covered in detail, including ISO testing requirements and FDA requirements. The course finishes with the critical area of design for manufacturing.