The design and fabrication of biomedical tools using techniques common in microelectronics is becoming established procedure. In our research, we use gaseous plasma dry etching to form microstructures on silicon wafers. These are intended for use in capturing and binding antibodies and live cells in an array to be used in High Throughput Screening (HTS) and High Content Screening (HCS) of new pharmaceuticals. We call this new arraying plate the "Nanotiter" plate. The benefit of our design (100 x 100 wells in a 25 x 25 mm array) over current 96-, 384- and 1056-well microtiter plates are that the number of samples (wells) that can be tested in one plate scan can be substantially increased, the wells can be rapidly and effectively washed, and the well surfaces can be modified to modulate ligand binding. Simple crowding of wells on a plate can result in cross contamination of samples in adjacent wells during the washing. Furthermore, motile cells may migrate between the wells. 1056 microtiter plates currently cannot be washed, and washing 384 plates is problematic. Our design incorporates plasma-deposited polymers that functionally bind antibodies (or other proteins) in but not between wells. Furthermore, the wells can be shaped to minimize cell migration. Inverting the plate on a wash solution allows unbound cells to simply fall away under gravity thus minimising the contamination of adjacent wells. Thus, our Nanotiter plate represents a substantial improvement over existing technology.
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