Multiple elevation beams (MEBs) mode is a new kind of operation mode for high-resolution wide-swath spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. This mode uses a single wide transmit beam to cover the whole swath in range dimension; while on receive it forms multiple narrow scanning beams with high gain to receive echoes from multiple subswaths simultaneously. Thus, one of the key techniques associated with this mode is to extract data of each subswath from the received overlapping echoes. To deal with this issue, this paper brings forward an improved two-step data separation approach which combines the peak forming of antenna beam pattern onboard and nulls forming on ground. This approach has the advantages in the following three aspects. First, it can guarantee that echoes of each subswath will be received with optimal antenna gain without any loss; second, it can accommodate the effect of beam mispointing due to the error in the digital elevation model (DEM) and thus has good robustness in nulls-forming; last, it transfers part of the beam-forming process from space segment to ground segment so as to reduce the processing complexity on satellite, thereby improving its feasibility as well as precision.
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