This paper investigates the self-adaptive transmission control architectures (SATCA) in impairment-aware transparent WDM networks. Two approaches are proposed for the implementation of SATCA. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the benefits obtained by applying SATCA.
In the transparent WDM networks, the control plane based on GMPLS protocols introduces connection intelligence into the optical networks. However, since dynamic setup/teardown of connection or fast re-route may introduce unpredictable physical impairments(i.e., fluctuation of optical power and residual dispersion) into the lightpath and in all-optical networks these physical impairments will accumulate along the lightpath, the optical signal quality and service survivablity can not be guaranteed. Therefore, the future optical networks should also have self-adaptive optical transmission ability to guarantee the physical quality of connections.
Two proposed approaches to implement SATCA separately introduce extensions to routing protocols (routing-based approach) and signalling protocols (signaling-based approach) of GMPLS. For both approaches, the lightpath quality estimation (LQE) module, which is applied to evaluate the lightpath's QOT and make the compensation budgets, should be added to the optical control plane.
The purpose of the simulations is to research the effect of SATCA approaches on the lightpath performance. We suppose that if OSNR or RD is out of the acceptable range, the lightpath is refused. So the blocking probability can be used for comparison among the signaling-based approach,routing-based approach and the traditional approach which is without considering physical impairments. Since the lightpath performance can be improved in the SATCA approach, the quality of lightpath is greatly guaranteed.
A novel scheme of global adaptive dispersion compensation combined with extended control plane in transparent optical
networks is proposed. The performance of transport plane of ASON is monitored by extended control plane in this paper.
When the residual dispersion at optical receiver can't satisfy the transmission performance demand, a module of
compensation budget computing will be activated to compute adjustment quantity of all tunable dispersion
compensators, and then every tunable dispersion compensator adjust their parameters respectively according to the
adjustment quantity to realize global adaptive dispersion compensation. Simulation results indicate that it is more
efficient than separate compensation of using adaptive dispersion compensator.
The effect of initial frequency chirp is theoretically investigated in photonic crystal fibers with two zero-dispersion wavelengths. Based on numerical simulations, it is shown that there exits an optimal propagation distance whether input pulse is chirped or not, where spectrums have maximal bandwidth. Furthermore, contrary to the complicated spectrum structure generated by negative-chirped pulse, positive linear chirp enhances supercontinuum generation and spectrum is much more regular. The efficiency of four-wave mixing is also improved because of initial positive chirps, and for enough large chirp values the incident pulse energy in the anomalous dispersion region is almost thoroughly transferred to the visible and near-infrared regions outside two zero-dispersion wavelengths.
A distributed flexible architecture of adaptive control and service provisioning founded on automatic switched optical network is proposed in this paper. The testbed named Adaptive Multi-Service Optical Network (AMSON) has been developed for proof of the fundamental of adaptive control for intelligentized service realization and lightpath transmission.
We investigate modulation instability (MI) in the distributed fiber amplifier based on a modified Ginzburg-Landau equation. The role of gain dispersion and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in MI is identified. It is found that, due to SRS, the MI gain spectrum consists of two parts: the conventional MI gain spectrum and the Raman gain spectrum. Gain dispersion exerts little influence on the conventional MI spectrum, yet it deforms the Raman gain spectrum seriously, mainly by reducing its growth rate. Moreover, as the signal power increases, the bandwidths of the conventional MI and the Raman gain spectrum are simultaneously extended, with the latter spectrum being extended more quickly.
The generic features of modulation instability (MI) in optical fibers are disclosed by application of an extended nonlinear Schroedinger equation. The role of arbitrary higher-order dispersions, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and self-steepening (SS) in MI is identified. It is shown that all odd-order dispersions contribute nothing to MI, whereas all even-order dispersions not only affect the conventional instability regions but may also lead to the appearance of new
MI regions. In the presence of SRS, the MI gain spectrum in optical fibers consists of two parts: the conventional MI gain spectrum and the Raman gain spectrum. In the case of normal dispersion, MI occurs due to SRS. In the case of anomalous dispersion, as the initial power increases, the SRS gain spectrum is gradually screened from the conventional MI gain spectrum. Self-steepening exerts little influence on MI in both normal and anomalous dispersion regimes.
Numerical simulation confirms the obtained analytical results.
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