Dr. Hugh T. Philipp Profile

Dr. Hugh T. Philipp

at Cornell Univ

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Proceedings Article | 18 September 2007 Paper

Pixel array detector for the capture of femtosecond duration x-ray images

Hugh Philipp, Lucas Koerner, Marianne Hromalik, Mark Tate, Sol Gruner

Proceedings Volume 6703, 67030O (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.733866

KEYWORDS: Sensors, X-rays, Photons, X-ray detectors, Diodes, Particles, Scattering, X-ray imaging, Liquid crystal lasers, Prototyping

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An imaging Pixel Array Detector (PAD) is being developed to record x-ray scattering images from single particles at the SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) x-ray free electron laser. The LCLS will deliver x-ray pulses of 5-200 femtosecond duration 120 times per second. Proposed experiments require that the scatter from each pulse be independently recorded. This necessitates a detector with a charge integrating front-end because the high instantaneous arrival rate of photons (> 1000 photons per pixel in femtoseconds) exceeds the processing speed capabilities of digital counting detectors. Other capabilities of the PAD are a frame rate >120 Hz, a full-well depth in excess of 2000 8-keV photons, a detective quantum efficiency near unity, and the ability to readily differentiate between 0 and 1 photons per pixel. The detector will be a 4x4 array of subunit tiles. Each tile consists of two silicon chips solder-bump bonded together. A pixelated 500 micron thick, fully depleted silicon chip converts x-ray energy into charge carriers. The charge created is conveyed by solder connecting bumps to a CMOS ASIC in which each pixel has its own signal processing electronics. Each tile has ~190 x 190 pixels, resulting in a detector of > 760 x 760 pixels. Tests of prototype 16x16 readout pixel arrays show a read noise equivalent to 0.14 8-keV photons. Features of the detector include an in-pixel parallel 14-bit digitization scheme, and the capability to be configured with an adaptable, 2-level, 2D gain profile. The development of the read-out electronics and the effects of tiling on dead area are also discussed.

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