With the rapid economic development in the North China Plain, the significant emissions of black carbon (BC) aerosol have exerted notable impacts on climate, environment, and health, making it a hot topic in environmental studies in recent years. To compensate for the insufficient ground monitoring data, the PM2.5 satellite remote sensing inversion data and chemical model simulation data were utilized, applying the proportionality factor method to estimate the satellite concentration of BC. The estimation results were validated using BC monitoring data from seven stations in 2018, and based on this, the spatiotemporal variations of BC satellite concentration was obtained. The results showed that the estimated BC concentration using the proportionality factor method had good accuracy, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.72. The spatial distribution of BC over the North China Plain in 2018 exhibited a decreasing trend from the inner region to the outer region, with high concentration areas mainly located in provinces with high straw burning and steel production. The seasonal variation of BC in the North China Plain in 2018 was pronounced, showing higher concentrations in autumn and winter and lower concentrations in spring and summer.
Semantic segmentation is widely used in remote sensing data extraction and classification. Existing semantic segmentation networks focus on capturing contextual information in many different ways, simply fusing features at different levels, and ultimately improving the accuracy of semantic segmentation. However, low-level semantic features lack spatial context guidance, and high-level semantic features tend to encode large objects with coarse spatial details, making segmentation results prone to losing fine details. In this paper, we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different levels of feature maps, and enhance the feature representation from two aspects to solve this problem. On the one hand, inspired by the architectural idea of atrous spatial pyramic pooling (ASPP), we adjust the structure of ASPP module and add the attention module to ASPP, and a new Attention-ASPP(AASPP) module is constructed in this paper. On the other hand, feature information such as boundary contours is enhanced by channel attention modeling, thereby improving local detail representation. Comprehensive experimental results show that our model framework achieves excellent segmentation performance on two public datasets, WHU building dataset and ISPRS Potsdam dataset.
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