By the use of the Fengyun-4A geostationary satellite's multi-channel brightness temperature data (FY-4A). Examined and contrasted the physical properties of the cloud tops for three distinct thunderstorm gust episodes, each with varying intensities and ranges. The following outcomes from the analysis: Updrafts in convective clouds must achieve a specific range and strength. Positive BTD1(the difference between the infrared and water vapor channels) scores are also found in regions with wind speeds higher than ten levels. These regions experience freezing, a thickening of the cloud top, and a brightness temperature gradient greater than 20K. These regions are generally seen in front of the direction that clouds are moving. By using criteria such as BTD1 greater than 0 K, cloud top brightness temperature gradient greater than 20K can made preliminary judgments on the convective areas that could produce hazardous weather.
The characteristics of cloud top physical quantities of severe convective clouds were analyzed by using Himawari-8 satellite data for two short-time heavy precipitation processes over Liaoning Province on September 9, 2021 (referred to as the "9.9" process) and October 3, 2021 (referred to as "10.3" process ). The results demonstrate that the range of convective clouds is wider and the value of the water vapor brightness temperature difference and infrared cloud top height of the "10.3" process are greater than those of the "9.9" process. In the "10.3" process, the top of the convective cloud is always near the troposphere or above the top of the troposphere, whereas in the "9.9" process, it is only in the initial and mature stages of convection. The physical features of cloud tops can be used to determine the life cycle of cloud masses. Strong convective clouds are already visible in the early stages of convection, and both the rate of cloud growth and the rate of decline in infrared brightness temperature are faster in the beginning stage than in the mature stage. The early stage of cloud production, on the side of the low-level inflow area, has the most pronounced cooling area. As a result, the cloud body's optical thickness grows at this point, and the freezing process for water clouds starts to take place. In the stage of cloud maturity, the height of the cloud top achieves its highest point, and in comparison to the early stage, the optical thickness, density of water or ice cloud particles, and cloud height all diminish.
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