In this paper we expand and generalise the theoretical work underlying the results presented by F. Castellucci et al. in the paper at Ref. 1, offering an exploration into different regimes of vector light and light matter interaction as well as the inner atomic processes, such as the populations of newly derived partially dressed states which highlight the connection between polarisation and magnetic coupling, and the orbitals they correspond to. This deeper knowledge will not only increase our understanding of how light-atom interaction is impacted by the presence of magnetic fields, and is a step in improving this new method of magnetometry.
The interaction of complex vector light with atoms is an emerging research area, combining state-of-the-art technologies in controlling the amplitude, phase and polarization profile of complex vector light with the mature research field of atom cooling and trapping.
Light-atom interaction is, by its very nature, a vectorial process, that depends explicitly on the alignment between an external magnetic field and the optical and atomic polarizations. With a suitable atomic-state interferometer we can imprint spatially varying polarization directions of a vector beam onto spatially varying atomic spin polarizations within a cold Rubidium gas. This allows us to shape the transparency of atomic vapours, to determine magnetic field directions from a single absorption image, and most recently to map the degree of spatial correlations in a vector beam to the visibility of interference fringes in its absorption profile.
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