We demonstrated the visualization of quantized vortices in superfluid helium with silicon nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were produced in situ with pulsed laser ablation and dispersed within the superfluid helium. The dispersed nanoparticles were utilized to decorate the quantized vortices, allowing for the imaging and visualization of the dynamics of the vortices, such as vortex reconnection.
Superfluid helium is an important model system to study quantum hydrodynamics. Numerous researches have been reported on fascinating phenomena including superfluidity, unusually low viscosity, and the emergence of the quantum vortex. Here, we demonstrated the visualization of the quantum vortices, which are intrinsically unable to be seen. We prepared many nanoparticles in superfluid helium by using the laser ablation technique. The fabricated nanoparticles are trapped at the core of the quantum vortices. By imaging the scattered light from the nanoparticles, we visualized the motion of the quantum vortices.
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