Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery is performed on patients suffering Parkinson’s disease for whom medication is no longer effective in relieving their motor symptoms. In this surgery, a stimulating electrode is implanted in a specific structure deep within the brain, delivering electrical impulses and thus reducing the motor symptoms. The success of the surgery is highly dependent on placing the electrode accurately in the targeted structure, typically the subthalamic nucleus (STN). We developed a DBS electrode that includes optical fibers to perform coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) during the electrode insertion in the brain. We were able to identify white and grey matter using principal component analysis (PCA), showing that spectroscopic measurements could be suitable for neuronavigation.
SignificanceTypical light sheet microscopes suffer from artifacts related to the geometry of the light sheet. One main inconvenience is the non-uniform thickness of the light sheet obtained with a Gaussian laser beam.AimWe developed a two-photon light sheet microscope that takes advantage of a thin and long Bessel-Gauss beam illumination to increase the sheet extent without compromising the resolution.ApproachWe use an axicon lens placed directly at the output of an amplified femtosecond laser to produce a long Bessel-Gauss beam on the sample. We studied the dopaminergic system and its projections in a whole cleared mouse brain.ResultsOur light sheet microscope allows an isotropic resolution of 2.4 μm in all three axes of the scanned volume while keeping a millimetric-sized field of view, and a fast acquisition rate of up to 34 mm2 / s. With slight modifications to the optical setup, the sheet extent can be increased to 6 mm.ConclusionThe proposed system’s sheet extent and resolution surpass currently available systems, enabling the fast imaging of large specimens.
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