Quantum dot (QD) solids are promising materials for the development of optoelectronic devices, in particular solar cells. The efficiency of such devices depends strongly on the energetic disorder within QD solid due to QD size variance and matching the energy of the components. Here, we studied optical properties, such as absorption, luminescence, timeresolved luminescence spectra, and electrical conductivity of QD solid layers made of PbS QDs of different sizes (2.9 nm, 4.1 nm and 5.1 nm) as well as QD solid layers with QD size gradient. We discussed the efficiency of energy and charge transfer in layers with QD size gradient by performing theoretical estimates of the appropriate parameters. Additionally, we fabricated photovoltaic solar cells based on the QD solids and investigated an influence the energy disorder on the conductivity and the efficiency of solar cells.
We studied the influence of the ligands on the optical properties of PbS QD solids using the photoluminescence spectra and the kinetics of photoluminescence decay. As the ligand molecule length decreases, the photoluminescence decay becomes faster, which in a good agreement with the theory of the hopping mechanism of charge transfer in QD solids. We also fabricate photovoltaic structures (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PbS/ZnO/Al) based on PbS QD solids and investigate the influence of various organic ligand molecules on its photovoltaic characteristics. The maximum efficiency was observed in samples with a ligand of intermediate length.
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