We integrated 441 photonic crystal nanolasers and applied it to label-free live cell imaging. Since the mechanical strength of the nanolaser array was improved by bonding on a glass substrate, the imaging area was expanded from previous 25 × 25 μm2 to 100 × 100 μm2. We successfully acquired cell images, which should reflect the intracellular and/or the attachment conditions. By continuously mapping the wavelengths of all nanolasers, we successfully observed the time-dependent images displaying the cell behaviors. Reagents were injected to stimulate the cells, and the observation was continued until the cell reaction was saturated. The results show the reasonable behaviors against the reagents.
Magnetic nanostructures and devices were fabricated by a combination of conventionally photo or electron beam lithography and atomic force microscopy (AFM) lithography. Ni- and Co(Fe)-based nanostructures of oxide were successfully fabricated by applying a negative pulse voltage to the AFM cantilever. Both of height and width of the oxide nanostructures were controlled by changing the applied bias voltage to the cantilever. Ni/Ni-oxide planar-type magnetic tunnel junctions were fabricated by this technique and the current-voltage curve exhibited a diode characteristic. It was also found that magnetic domain structures were controlled by the AFM nano-oxidation. This nanolithography is a promising technique for fabricating magnetic nanostructures for quantum devices and new functional materials.
A tunneling magnetoresistance of Fe-SiO2 granular films was studied. The samples were prepared similarly by the preparation of multilayer films using two disks of Fe and SiO2 sputtering targets. The superparamagnetic feature and tunneling magnetoresistance were observed for the samples with Fe composition rate of lower than 0.45. Small Fe granules isolated by SiO2 matrix were observed by the transmission electron microscope. The magnetoresistance curves of these samples exhibited `two step' resistivity change, which was not observed from the annealed sample. This unique feature of tunneling magnetoresistance at a low magnetic field was presumably attributed to the existence of 2D structure of granules.
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