In the optical wireless communication system, a reliable transmission channel can be achieved in the power restricted scene by using a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) receiver. However, the performance of SPAD is limited by dead time. This results in count loss and inter-slot interference (ISI), which degrades the communication performance. In this paper, a 4-channel time-gated scheme was proposed. In the scheme, time-gated SPAD receivers successively turned on by external gating signals to reduce the effective dead time of the receiving system and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, the 4 time-coordinated receivers scheme has better background light tolerance and better performance in intensive signal power condition than the 4 free-running SPADs receivers scheme.
Positive-intrinsic-negative diode (PIN), avalanche photodiode (APD), and single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) are commonly used optoelectronic receivers with different characteristics in practical visible light communication system. To determine the most appropriate candidate, different signal and ambient light strength in the communication scenarios should be taken into account. APD and SPAD receivers have higher sensitivities than PIN, but there are still some defects that restrain their operation performance. APD receiver may generate excessive shot noise, whereas SPAD is limited by the dead time, afterpulsing, and smaller detection area. We initially analyze the noise characteristics of PIN, APD, and SPAD receivers. SNR models are established, and the main factors affecting the performance of APD and SPAD receivers are concluded. Then, the comparison experiments of three kinds of receivers in various transmission distances are conducted, respectively. Finally, the experimental results show that: short and mid distance conditions, PIN and APD are better choices, whereas SPAD performs better in long-distance communication. In addition, if a certain intensity of ambient light is introduced, APD is still better than SPAD even in long distance.
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