A pin-like beam is a kind of structured light with a special intensity distribution that can be against diffraction, which can be seen as a kind of quasi-nondiffracting beam (Q-NDB). Due to its wide applications, recently, numerous researchers have used optical lenses or on-chip integrated optical diffractive elements to generate this kind of beam. We theoretically verify and experimentally demonstrate an all-fiber solution to generate a subwavelength inverted pin beam by integrating a simple plasma structure on the fiber end surface. The output beams generated by two kinds of plasma structures, i.e., nanoring slot and nanopetal structure, are investigated and measured experimentally. The results show that both the structures are capable of generating subwavelength beams, and the beam generated using the nanopetal structure has the sidelobe suppression ability along the x-axis direction. Our all-fiber device can be flexibly inserted into liquid environments such as cell cultures, blood, and biological tissue fluids to illuminate or stimulate biological cells and molecules in them. It provides a promising fiber-integrated solution for exploring light–matter interaction with subwavelength resolution in the field of biological research.
An ultrawideband metamaterial perfect absorber based on vanadium dioxide is proposed. It achieves >95 % absorption of vertically incident electromagnetic waves in the range of 3.50 to 10 THz. The absorption intensity can be dynamically adjusted in the range of 0.2% to 99.98% by varying the conductivity of VO2. The mechanism of ultrawideband perfect absorption is interpreted using electric field distribution analysis and impedance-matching theory. The absorption rate related to the structural parameters of the absorber is investigated by numerical simulation. Finally, its polarization angle-insensitive and incidence angle-insensitive properties are demonstrated. This proposed absorber has potential applications in optical switching, electromagnetic stealth, and sensing applications.
In our work, the temperature sensing properties and intrinsic mechanism based on a bismuth–erbium co-doped optical fiber (BEDF) were explored. Through temperature sensing experiments, we found that when the 980-nm pump laser was used, the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) at 1560 and 1435 nm showed a good linear relationship at different temperatures and its sensitivity reached 0.1151 dB/°C, the accuracy was 0.2°C, and the R2 of the FIR curve is about 0.9923. At the same time, we also proposed a detection algorithm to judge the working state of the sensor. By changing the BEDF coating material while the fiber is being fabricated, the temperature measurement range can be further improved. The optical fiber temperature sensor will have a broader range of applications.
We propose a fiber optical cell catapult that is bird beak-shaped fiber cone optical tweezers that trap cells, then push them to the fiber tip via the evanescent fields on the side surface of the fiber cone, and finally eject them in a particular direction. The intensity distribution of the light field and the optical force of the fiber catapult are calculated by the finite element method. Moreover, an experimental study of the fiber catapult is given using yeast cells.
In this study, we propose a dual-band wide-range tunable terahertz absorber based on graphene and bulk Dirac semimetal (BDS), which consists of a patterned BDS array, dielectric material, continuous graphene layer, and gold mirror. Simulation results show that the absorption at 3.97 and 7.94 THz achieve almost 100%. By changing the Fermi energy of graphene and BDS, the resonance frequency can be tuned between 3.97 and 9.28 THz. In addition, we found that when the background refractive index changes, the absorption is almost the same. This feature will broaden its applications. Finally, the influence of structural parameters and incident angles on device performance is discussed. The proposed absorber may have potential applications in photoelectric sensors and other optoelectronic devices.
Linear-to-circular polarization converters are widely used in optical and microwave systems, but the polarization devices of traditional materials are untunable, and devices made of graphene materials can overcome this disadvantage. A circular polarization converter based on graphene metasurface is designed, whose properties are tunable over a broad range at terahertz frequencies. With appropriate structural parameters, simulations show that the axial ratio of reflected electromagnetic wave of the proposed device is lower than 3 dB in the frequency band of 2.25 to 2.475 THz, which means the linearly incident polarization can be converted to the circular polarization wave. The proposed design can also work when the electromagnetic wave is oblique incidence up to 40 deg with a high polarization conversion ratio. Moreover, the operating frequency band can be arbitrarily adjusted by applying a bias voltage.
A low cost and easily fabricated plastic optical fiber (POF) displacement sensor is presented. The sensor is based on the macrobending POF with a V-groove structure fabricated by a simple die-press-print method, which is easy to implement and effectively reduces the complexity of the fabrication process. The intensity modulation method is adopted for displacement sensing, which lowers the sensor system’s cost and complexity. Experiments are carried out to investigate the influence of the structural parameters on the displacement sensing performance and the proposed POF probe is optimized by changing the structure parameters. Results showed that when the V-groove structure depth is 200 μm, the length is 22 mm, the angle is 60 deg, the pitch is 2 mm, and the macrobending radius of the POF probe is 15 mm, the highest sensitivity could reach to 3.19 × 10 − 2 / mm with the measurement range of 18 mm.
The plastic optical fiber (POF) with a multi-notched structure was used for liquid level measurement. The multi-notched structure was fabricated on the POFs by a die-press-print method. When the notched structure was immerged by the liquid, the transmitted light power of the POF probe could be changed. So, this can be used as a liquid level sensor. The influence of the structure parameters on the sensor performances was investigated experimentally. Experimental results show that the sensitivity can reach to 0.0457/mm with a resolution of 1 mm, and the sensor resolution is flexible. The sensor is simple structure and easy fabrication, and it is a low cost solution for the liquid level measurement.
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