Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery is performed on patients suffering Parkinson’s disease for whom medication is no longer effective in relieving their motor symptoms. In this surgery, a stimulating electrode is implanted in a specific structure deep within the brain, delivering electrical impulses and thus reducing the motor symptoms. The success of the surgery is highly dependent on placing the electrode accurately in the targeted structure, typically the subthalamic nucleus (STN). We developed a DBS electrode that includes optical fibers to perform coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) during the electrode insertion in the brain. We were able to identify white and grey matter using principal component analysis (PCA), showing that spectroscopic measurements could be suitable for neuronavigation.
The purpose is to determine whether diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) can provide optical guidance during deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery. Experiments on monkey ex vivo brains have been performed to ensure DRS methods could differentiate white and gray matter. In this study, we use principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the composition of tissue in front of the stimulation electrode. Furthermore, our work tackles the mechanical consequences of implementing an optical probe in a DBS electrode. This multidisciplinary project shows that DRS can be used as a non-invasive, cost-effective and real-time tissue characterization.
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