Low-loss coupling of VCSELs (vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers) to optical fibres is a key issue for increasing their use in optical communications and instrumentation systems. However, tolerances on angular tilts and lateral misalignments are tight, particularly in the case of single mode devices. To address this challenge, a new fabrication method based on near-infrared single-mode self-writing (NIR-SM-SWW) of a polymer waveguide was developed and tested for the coupling of two single mode fibers at 850 nm (Thorlabs 780-HP) with a mode field diameter close to that of 850 nm single mode VCSEL. The specificity of our method is to use a writing wavelength identical to that designed for single mode propagation in the fibers, leading to a single step photopolymerization process that will be directly transferable to 850 nm VCSEL-to-fiber coupling. First results show coupling losses at 850 nm as low as 0.86 dB for a distance between the fibers of 100 μm.
A highly emissive blue organic light emitting diodes (OLED) for use as an algae excitation source in a biosensor was designed and optimized to meet spectral filtering requirements of the system. This source needs to exhibit high emission around 470-480 nm (algae absorption) combined with low emission in the algae fluorescence bandwidth (550-600 nm) in order to avoid any overlapping signal in the biosensor’s sensitivity range. To address these issues, a microcavity device (MOLED) was studied and optimized. In order to further decrease the residual parasitic emission in the green spectral range, an additional filter was also integrated in the device. An improvement in peak intensity of 2.7 times the reference value was obtained, as well as a significant reduction of the parasitic emission in the green range. These improvements in peak intensity and spectral filtering should lead to a suitable blue OLED excitation source for compact optical biosensors.
In this work, two-photon polymerization three-dimensional laser writing is used to integrate a microlens on the surface of a single mode polarization-stable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) to be used as a current-driven tunable source in a compact optical guided-wave gas sensor. The writing conditions are optimized to enable on-demand room temperature and single-step fabrication at a post-mounting stage. We show that a writing time of 5 min is sufficient to fabricate a microlens that efficiently reduces the VCSEL beam divergence, without significant change on its emitted power or polarization stability. The lens addition reduces the spectral available range at high injection currents. A two-dimensional optical modeling of the gain characteristics is used to explain this effect and a new transverse design is proposed to avoid this issue.
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