Nonlinear Thomson scattering in intense (𝑎0 = 6) single-cycle (𝐿0 = 1𝜇𝑚) Gaussian laser pulse is investigated theoretically and numerically that demonstrates varied spatial characteristics in the tightly focused (𝑏0 = 3𝜇𝑚) regime. In the above ultrashort laser pulse, the electron has the potential to radiate single attosecond pulse with almost infinite SNR which is highly robust to varied initial phases. Furthermore, a novel symmetry degradation phenomenon in the tightly focused domain is firstly discovered, where the fourfold symmetric spatial radiation pattern in non-tightly focused pulses respectively degrades to plane/linear symmetry radiation pattern in the spherical projected/polarized plane. While spatial radiation is highly sensitive to initial phases, we remarkably find that the difference of peak radiation’s polar angles 𝜙m exactly equals to that of incident laser’s initial phases 𝜙0, indicating the initial phase has phase/angle shift effect on the electron’s spatial motion and radiation. With numerical analysis, the sampling results demonstrate that peak radiation’s polar angle 𝜃m and the difference 𝜙m = 𝜙0 are constant regardless of initial phases.
According to Lorentz equation and electron motion equation, a collision model between a high-energy electron and an intense laser pulse is constructed, and the three-dimensional trajectory of electron motion and the pulse width, peak radiation power and frequency spectrum of radiation pulses under different observation angles and different laser pulse intensities are simulated by MATLAB software. The simulation results show that the motion of high-energy electron in the collision process is spiral for the intense laser pulse with initial phase φ 0 = 0 . When the observation angle Φ is 0° and 180°, the collision produces single zeptosecond pulse and double zeptosecond pulse, respectively. At Φ = 0, the peak radiation power of the radiation pulse is the largest, the pulse width is the smallest, and the spectrum presents two rising and falling shapes. At Φ= 180°, except that the spectrum shows the shape of first rising and then falling, other characteristics are opposite to those at Φ= 0°. The above characteristics of the laser pulse with ai = 80 are better than those of the laser pulse with ai = 50.
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